My Opinion On Pro s Case - 1479 Words

Before I begin my final round, I want to thank my opponent for this debate. I have no doubt that he truly believes what he is professing. Though this is unconvincing to me, it cannot be said of my opponent that he is attempting to deceive or put forth arguments he does not believe in. I hope it is understood that I feel I too have been sincere. With that, I will provide my analysis of both cases and why I think I have won this debate. Pro’s Case My opponent has claimed that Jesus is historical. That he performed many miracles including raising himself from the dead. That we have good reason to believe these miracles happened due to so called eyewitnesses. He concludes that accepting those things prove that the Jesus is God. I maintain†¦show more content†¦I, like pro doubt the stories of Muhammed, Sri Sthya, and others. For me this is consistent with my view doubting Jesus as God. For Pro, this is inconstant based on his arguments. Pro does argue that â€Å"while eye witnesses are helpful for proving things, you got to make sure that they weren t deceived.† This is a reasonable thought but not helpful in this debate. We have no way to make sure that those who witnessed Jesus were not deceived. If we did, this would not be a very interesting debate as we would simply know as a matter of fact. Pro asks can my opponent name one person in history that claimed to be God and yet wasn t also insane or a liar? This is easy, every Latter-day Saint. I was raised Mormon, and while I no longer identify as one, it is a core tenant that we are all Gods. While I find the belief silly and unsupported I don’t believe the millions of members to all be insane or liars. Pro also states that because Jesus is referred to as a â€Å"good teacher† it is fair to say he was not a liar. I feel this has been addressed sufficiently. It is obvious people can be both good teacher’s and liars. To believe otherwise is to lack interacting with society at all. During this debate we have discussed whether New Testament Sources are valid historical accounts. I mentioned that Tom Clancy novels meet the same criteria as the Bible for being accurate. To this he says â€Å"That is a fair point. The problem is

Stock And Works In Progress General Practice Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3131 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Matching Principle stock unsold at the balance sheet date is carried forward into the next period and matched against the revenue when sold instead of being charged immediately to the Profit and Loss account which would diminish the Operating Profit. Consistency the method of valuing stock must be consistent from one year to another and any deviations explained, as they will directly affect operating profit. Valuation the stock must be valued accurately. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Stock And Works In Progress General Practice Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Obsolete stock should be written off against profit and not carried forward. Diminished value stock should be written down accordingly. In dealing with Inventory, where stock is continuously purchased over the accounting period at different prices, a choice two systems prevail: First in First Out (FI-FO) i.e. the stock carried forward is the latest purchased reflects good storemanship. Weighted Average i.e. the amounts purchased in the period and used in the period are weighted against their respective prices and an Average or Weighted price used for the period. Retail Companies Stock is purchased at a stated figure and sold at a stated figure, the difference is trading profit. The stock sold minus stock purchased seldom equals stock held due to losses by theft and spoiling etc. Thus the need for regular stock-taking and re-valuation of stock in hand. Large groups of outlets can suffer excessive pilfering and manipulation of stock values, for this reason they value stock at its standard store selling price: Theoretical Closing Stock at selling price = Opening Stock at Selling Price + Deliveries at selling price Takings (sales) The Theoretical Closing Stock may then be compared and adjusted to the Actual Stock, with the losses written off accordingly. The final Stock Value at selling price is then reduced by a standard margin to arrive at the Stock Value in the accounts. Stock in Manufacturing Business Can significantly affect operating profit. Manufacturing business has: Variable costs of production materials used, wages, consumption of power etc. Fixed costs of production lease costs on factory, rent, lighting etc Fixed and variable costs of management, distribution, marketing, etc. Accounting policy may allow a stock valuation and WIP valuation of completed and near completed goods to be based on a) and b) but would not include c). Cost of Stock in the accounts It is normal for a stock taking exercise to be conducted at the end of one accounting period to provide a closing stock figure and a corresponding opening stock figure. The opening stock is put into the new trading account / profit and loss account. New stock purchase values over the period are added, values of stock sales are deducted, and the closing stock is determined less losses. The closing stock is an asset and is taken to the balance sheet. Cost of Closing stock = Cost of Opening stock + cost of goods purchased cost of goods sold in the period. For most business, the closing stock is physically counted and a cost determined. The Closing stock is an asset and is taken with the net profit to the balance sheet. Example: The importance of correct stock valuation  £000  £000 Sales 2,000 Cost of Goods Sold: Opening Stock 600 Purchases in period 1,500 2,100 Closing Stock (to B/S) 400 1,700 Gross Profit 300 Wages, overheads, etc 200 Operating Profit 100 Note: if the Opening Stock was overstated by 10% to 660,000 and the closing stock understated by 10% to 360,000, the profit would be wiped out The closing stock of  £400,000 is an asset and is taken to the balance sheet. Example: Taxation on increased stock valuation: Assume the stock when purchased cost  £1,000,000 but due to inflation the company believes it is now worth  £1,100,000. The additional  £100,000 would increase taxable profit by  £100,000 and create an additional taxation demand of 100,000 times the percentage rate of tax (20% x  £100,000 =  £20,000). Alternatively, if the company had a taxable profit of say  £250,000, but prior to the final account, purchased an asset for say  £150,000 and took it into stock without doing any work on it, then the taxable profit may fall to  £100,000, reducing the tax demand, but the following year if the asset is sold on for say  £120,000, then tax will be due on the  £120,000 less expenses tax is delayed but not removed by such manipulation. Over valuing stocks e.g. land In property, as in other goods, expected price increases can cause an over valuation of stock. E.g. land and house prices may have risen 10% p.a year on year. A developer may have many millions in land stocks and several millions in WIP or completed houses. These could be valued up in anticipation of a further 10% rise in the market and to boost profits in a difficult year. However, in the following period changes in the economy, or stamp duty, or interest rates may cause a flattening of the market and a consequent increase in the time taken to sell property, causing increased interest charges , marketing and sales costs etc. A reduction in working capital may force the developer to attempt to sell over valued land stocks into a market experiencing a depressed demand. Subsequent right down of land values may cause significant losses to be recorded in the following year. This standard is at the heart of the Quantity Surveyors work in Cost and Value Reconciliation (see CORP 35 for more detailed information). Stock It has been seen that Stock normally represents a significant amount in a businesss balance sheet. Over or under valuation can result in material distortions of profit and tax positions. One of the major problems for independent auditors is establishing a true and fair value for stocks. Stocks comprise: Goods or other assets purchased for resale; Consumable stores; Raw materials and components purchased for incorporation into products for sale; Products and services in progress; Long term contract balances; Finished goods Matching Principle Fundamental is the matching of cost and revenue in the year in which the revenue arises, rather than in the year that the cost is incurred. If the revenue anticipated to arise (i.e. the net realisable value) is less than the cost incurred, then the irrecoverable cost (i.e. the loss) should be written off to revenue in the year under review. This could happen due to obsolescen ce, deterioration or lowered demand. Cost To determine the lower of net realisable value and cost, a consistent approach must be applied. The principle is, or method used should, provide the fairest possible approximation to the expenditure actually incurred in bringing the product to its present location and condition. The cost of an article is the purchase cost plus any further delivery charges, import duty etc less discounts etc. However, some businesses buy and sell multiples of the same item purchased at different times at different prices. Here it may be permissible to use the FIFO Rule (first in first out i.e. the earlier stock is assumed to be sold first which is normal in retail and so the later band variation of purchase cost apply). Specific difficulty arises in valuing stock upon which all or some work has been performed by the entity. Example: Purchased steel stock is extruded into standard glazing bars which are then galvanised before dispatch. Three catagories of stock arise: un-fabricated steel stock, fabricated bars before galvanising, and galvanised stock. For the un-fabricated steel stock, the cost is the purchase price plus delivery and handling costs (plus buying costs if not a general overhead) less discount. For the galvanised stock, the purchase price of steel, plus delivery, less discount, plus the cost of direct expense in fabrication and in the case of the galvanising, the subcontract cost of galvanising, plus an addition for production overheads (not general overheads). Production Overhead difficulty arises in establishing that part of total production overhead to be attributed to each batch of glazing bars being valued. This should be established based on the normal annual through put of components e.g. cost per tonne fabricated based on average annual tonnage. In some businesses (large retai l chains) the only way to establish the cost is the selling price less the gross margin but this is in general not a universally accepted method. The Standard provides an appendix to discuss techniques of acceptable stock valuation and those which it considers are not acceptable. In summary, Cost of Purchase includes the purchase price, import duty, transport, handling costs etc less trade discounts. Cost of conversion includes: Costs directly attributable to units of production, e.g. direct labour, direct expenses and sub-contracted work; Production overheads; Other overheads, if any, attributable to bringing the product or service to its present location and condition. Production Overheads are those which accrue in respect of materials, labour and services for production, based on the normal level of activity taken one year with another. It is recommended to group overheads into function groups i.e. production, purchasing, selling, administration, and inclu de them as they apply to the circumstance. Depreciation of stock may also be considered. All abnormal costs or inflated overhead allocation due to e.g. a failing market, abnormal spoilage, idle capacity etc. are not to be included. Net realisable Value is calculated as the actual or estimated selling price net of trade discount (not net of settlement discount) less: All further costs to completion; and All costs to be incurred in marketing, selling and distributing. Methods of Costing: Unit Cost cost of making an identifiable unit of stock. Average Cost total cost of making a number or range of units divided by the total number of units. FIFO the assumption that stocks in hand represent the latest stock purchased or produced Standard Costs using predetermined costs calculated from managements estimates of expected levels of cost (must be reviewed regularly to ensure the standard cost bears a reasonable relationship to actual costs). The following are generally not acceptable: LIFO earlier cost may not reflect current stock cost. Replacement cost only in very exceptional circumstances see standard appendix. Selling price less estimated profit only if it can be shown to give a reasonable estimation of actual cost. Latest purchase price may not be the same as the actual cost of the stock item. Works in Progress Work in Progress is a type of stock, i.e. stock upon which work is being undertaken. Most accounts will group Stock and Works in Progress together and then provide a separate schedule grouping the different types of stock and work in progress and their relative value. In accounts, Opening Stock is normally stated and added to purchases to give a total value for the period, from which is deducted a value for closing stock. This gives the amount of stock used or sold in the period relative to Sales or Turnover. Opening Work in Progress and closing Work in Progress can be entered in a similar manner. An alternative, which avoids negative numbers when closing stock is larger than opening stock, is to state the opening stock to the left of the Profit and Loss Account and the Closing Stock under the Sales or Turnover figure, as if the Closing Stock was sold to the owner. Work in Progress is entered net of any profit because profit has not yet been realised. In Construction and manufacturing work in progress values can be very considerable sums affecting profitability and taxation. Many contracts will run over considerable periods of time and payments may be made on an Interim basis. It would therefore be unreasonable to continue to purchase labour and material in terms of work continually in progress and receive interim payments without taking some profit into account within each financial year. SAPP 9 allows for an attributable profit to be taken into the accounts in order to give a realistic picture of the affairs of the firm under certain prudent circumstances. The basic rule is that if a profit cannot be forecast with reasonable accuracy, no profit is admitted to the accounts until the work is completed or a profit can be forecast with reasonable certainty. Where a profit can be forecast, a conservative attributable profit may be included. If this were not the case, profits would only be accounted for when long term contracts were actually completed and the profit realised, causing surges in the profit figures from one year to the next. This has been a reason for Construction Company share values trading at a discount because of risk, uncertainty and a lack of stability in year on year returns. Long Term Contracts This is a very important part of construction accounting and is discussed in full in CORP 35. The following is the basis of accounting for profit on long term contracts. Definition: A contract entered into for the design, manufacture or construction of a single substantial asset or provision of a serviceÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦..where the time taken substantially to complete the contract is such that the contract activity falls into different accounting periods. A contract that is required to be accounted for as a long term by this standard is will usually extend for a period exceeding one year. However, a duration exceeding one year is not an essential feature of a long term contract. Some contracts with shorter duration than one year should be accounted for as long term contracts if they are sufficiently material to the activity of the period that not to record turnover and attributable profit would lead to a distortion of the periods turnover and results such that the financial statements would not give a true and fair view, provided that the policy is applied consistently within the reporting entity and year to year. The normal principle is that profit is only recognised and brought into the accounts when it is certain, and this is normally when the contract is substantially complete. Such profit may be reduced by provisions to allow for possible expense of e.g. finalising the account or remedial works. Thus most construction contracts do not report profit until the contract is complete. Where a contract programme covers more than one accounting period and the contract expenditure and interim payments may be substantial, then material distortion may arise when zero profit is reported in one period against a material expenditure and total profit is reported in another period against a possibly lower expenditure. Where a company has contracts which come under the definition above; and: their outcome can be assessed with reasonable certainty before their conclusion, the standard allows it to record a proportion of turnover and profit arising while the contract is in progress. Such prof it calculated on a prudent basis and take account of any inequality in profit forecast for each stage of the contract. An appropriate proportion of the turnover may be taken into the accounts but matched by the relevant costs. Where the profit is uncertain (most construction contracts) then no profit is taken into the Profit and Loss account until it is certain. If no loss is expected, but the profit is uncertain, then it may be appropriate to take the proportion of turnover into the account against a zero profit margin. However, in every case, losses must be fully accounted for in the period that they are foreseen, not when they occur. Thus if a loss is anticipated at a future date it must be recognised and a provision made in the current account. Where the foreseen loss is significant to the performance of the company as a whole and may cause significant overhead to be diverted to its containment, then addition provision may need to be made to account for that overh ead expense. The accounting treatment of long-term contracts can be summarised as follows: Long term contracts should be assessed on a contract by contract basis and reflected in the profit and loss account by recording turnover and related cost as contract activity progresses. Turnover is ascertained in a manner appropriate to the stage of completion of the contract, the business and the industry in which it operates. Where it can be considered that the outcome of a long-term contract can be assessed with reasonable certainty before its conclusion, the prudently calculated attributable profit should be recognised in the profit and loss account as the difference between the reported turnover and related costs for that contract. Attributable profit that part of total profit currently estimated to arise over the duration of the contract, after allowing for likely estimated remedial and maintenance costs and increases in costs so far as not recoverable under the terms of the contract, that fairly reflects the profit attributable to that part of the work performed at the accounting date. (there can be no attributable profit until the profit outcome can be determined with reasonable certainty). Foreseeable losses losses which are currently estimated to arise over the duration of the contract, allowing for estimates of remedial, maintenance and increased costs not recoverable under the contract terms. The estimate of loss is required to be entered as a provision: whether or not the work has commenced; the proportion of work carried out at the accounting date; the amount of profits expected to arise on other contracts. Rule applied If a Long-Term Contract is incomplete at the end of the accounting period and it is reasonably certain it will yield a profit, then the portion of that profit which is attributable to the work done to date may be recognised in the profit and loss account. This is achieved by: Crediting Profit and Loss Account with the recorded turnover to date (typically the amount certified by the Architect being t he value of the work done) and; Debiting profit and loss account with the related costs (i.e. the costs incurred to date which relate to the recorded turnover). Any remaining costs incurred to date are shown as work in progress on the balance sheet. If a long term contract is incomplete at the end of an accounting period and the contract is expected to yield an overall loss, the whole of this loss should be provided for immediately. This is achieved by deducting the amount of the anticipated loss when calculating the value of the work in progress at the end of the accounting period. (Melville A.) We can break the figures down into parts as follows: The contractor has a turnover valuation of  £3.0 million in total certified by the Architect. The costs matched against this  £3.0m in turnover amount to  £1.8 million. The contractor has invoiced and is owed  £2.4m to-date and has a further receivable pending of (3.0-2.4 = 0.6),  £0.6m. So the amount imm ediately owed is 2.4 (Debtors) and a Long Term Balance receivable of  £0.6m. The total costs amounting on the contract are  £2.0m. So the costs to be matched against future Invoices amount to (2.0-1.8 = 0.2)  £0.2 million and constitute WIP/Stock at cost.

My Presidential Candidate For President - 855 Words

My Presidential Candidate What makes someone a good candidate for president? Someone that can â€Å"Make America great again† which brings me to my candidate, Trump. Donald Trump is more of a businessman than a presidential candidate, but we could use the business aspect in running our country today. The amount of debt we are in is a major problem and I believe Trump can help by producing jobs and make a plan for even after his presidency. Throughout this paper, I will inform readers on Trumps background and what he believes in. Also, I will inform readers on a few things he wants to do for our country to â€Å"Make America great again.† Another is the history of Trump and how he has switched from Republican to Democratic parties multiple times. Finally, about some of the major arguments on why he should not become president. When you think of the history and background of Trump we think of a business man, millionaire, someone who can get the job done. Now that he is ru nning for president, we need to take these things into consideration and how he will contribute to our country. I will start by stating that Trump is self supporting, he does not rely on other people’s donations to run his political campaign so nobody will have a say in what happens other than him in his presidency if he wins the election (Delgado 1). One thing that I like about his campaign is how he does not agree with immigration to our country. He wants to build a giant wall to keep out Muslims, Mexicans, etc†¦Show MoreRelatedMy Presidential Election For President Of The United States926 Words   |  4 Pagesnear the next presidential election for the United States I see names such as Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders running to lead our country. With the amount of candidates running for the next presidential term, I often wonder what it takes to throw one’s hat in the ring, and the steps they have to take to get into office. Are there any restrictions, age limits, financial obligations one must meet before going through the long road to presidency? Before announcing to run for President of the UnitedRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Electoral College1416 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Electoral College system being founded by the founding fathers in America and being there as long as the Constitution exists, many people still do not have sufficient knowledge on how it works. The Electoral College does not provide honest presidential elections rather it has the potential to undo the will of people at any point from the selection of electors to the vote tallying in Congress (Shaw, 3). Electoral College in the United States has played a major role in depressing the voters turnoutRead MoreAmerica Gov Ch131415 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresents all the people of our country. 3. The three formal qualifications of a president are that he is a â€Å"natural born citizen†, he is at least 35 years old and that he has been a resident of the United States for at least 14 years. 4. The 22nd amendment limits a person to two terms as president in order to prevent â€Å"executive tyranny†. Critical Thinking 1. Admiral George Dewey once stated that â€Å"the office of President is not such a very difficult one to fill, his duties being mainly to execute theRead MoreThe Electoral College963 Words   |  4 PagesvQ Core Electoral College Essay In presidential elections, citizens do not actually vote for the candidate of their choosing, instead citizens are voting for electors known as the Electoral College. The Electoral College chooses a President, and Vice President. 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Social strategy Forum

Question: Write an essay on Social strategy Forum. Answer: Introduction The social strategy forum project is intended to develop with an objective of developing a social media network for the students. The network is to bring the students, on a platform of the social network, with many objectives to be met, globally. The project is taken by the ADTC technologies for the project sponsor, ATMC (Australian Technical Management College). The project is The purpose of this report and document is to define all the relative procedural matters of social strategy forum, which has the objective of building an effective platform for the science and technical students. The project management plan is structured and prepared by the project management of ADTC, having consulted with the sponsor of the project. The report describes the regular and general procedures that have been adopted and implemented during the entire execution of the project. The document of project execution plan is not a mere static documents, as the outcomes and the results of the project keep changing and need to be updated on regular basis. So, the project execution plan stands as a road map with begin with the end in mind approach, in terms of real execution or implementation of the project. Project Execution Plan Vision The vision of the social strategy forum is to build a platform for the technical aspirants, with various backgrounds, like Engineering, Science and High School students to promote their aspiration, with the value of sharing and learning. Objectives The objectives of the social strategy forum are, To develop a social network website To promote the social network website To develop and promote an App for the engineering domain To develop and promote an App for the science domain To develop and promote an App for the high school To develop social campaign for engineering forum To develop social campaign for science forum To develop social campaign for the high school forum To endorse a page and engage the users on the same page Project Description The social strategy forum project has many objectives to fulfil and obtain many outcomes at the end of the project. Initially, the project team has to design a plan for a social network. The social network is to be developed with the themes, common for the engineering, science and high school students. So, majorly the social theme selected and considered to be developed is the technical theme. The social network must be developed with as many features as possible to grab the attention of the audience and users, with multiple sharing features, etc. Once the social network is developed, it must be promoted, because without the exposure of the social website to the public, to the students, the network becomes less effective and less functional. Eventually, it is important that the social networking website must keep posted with the new and interesting content on regular basis to make the students captive and involve and participate in the forums, discussions, sharing the posts, etc. The n the social campaigns are to be designed, developed and conducted to grab the attention of more and more users. After the social network website is designed, developed and promoted to get a good number of participants and users to involve and participate in the discussion, there is another opportunity that the team members have to promote the social networking website, through the App. Since, the usage of the mobiles has been increased globally, especially, by the students in developed and developing countries, increasing the visibility of the social network and the forum would be easier and effective to promote the website through the App. So, the team has to develop three different Apps, developed for the Engineering, Science and High School. The Apps must then be promoted through various strategies. Though development of App needs the money, effort and time, as much as developing the social website, it gives a tremendous opportunity for the team members to multiple the visibility of the social networking website. in addition to these tasks, the team has to conduct the social campaigns to pr omote the social network and the associated Apps. Project Team The project is handled and coordinated by the project manager. The team members are associated as a team of three members. Each of the team members is going to take care of one section or domain, out of engineering, science and high school forums. The team is developed as overall three sections. Stakeholders The key stakeholders of the company are the sponsor and project team. Apart from these key stakeholders, the social network contributors or partners in the social network also become the stakeholders, who help and support in the promotion of the social network website and Apps. Audience The audience of the project, social strategy forum is the large set of students, who are targeted from three countries, majorly, US, UK and Australia. apart from these students, the project also targets the audience, students from various Universities throughout the world. Budget The budget is developed for the project, initially, to develop the social network website and promote the specific page, within the country to target and grab the audience to favour the specific page and then it is expanded to the other countries, to target the international audience. Social Strategy Forum The project developed is for the social strategy forum. The social strategy forum is a new and contemporary strategy to develop the social network. Social network is a social structure that is made from a large group of individuals as well as the organizations. The individuals and organizations become social actors. Social strategy forum project is associated with the tasks of building the social network forum, by grabbing the attention of the social actors, through engaging them with various commonly interested topics. Social strategy forum is to be developed in three different categories. High School Forum Science Forum Engineering Forum Strategies The social strategy forum is to be developed using various strategies. The project needs many strategies to be followed. There are numerous social networking websites existing in the internet. Some important social networking sites include Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, Quora, and many others. According to the statistics, the social marketing accounts for about 15 per cent revenue stream obtained from the Apps and the social networks are the one of the most preferred and engaging channels that can reach more number of users or audience, to increase the visibility. The strategy is to develop the content plan effectively to deliver essentially attractive materials. The content should be aligned to the overall messaging process and should be suitable for the channels developed. Media must be effectively used, with more than one, to include infographics, videos, guides and various styles to engage the customer, efficiently. Continuous posting is required in the network at regular intervals to retain the existing users and find new users. Organizational Responsibilities The project is handled by ADTC technologies. And the sponsor of the project is Australian Technical Management College (ATMC). The project management company has been well experienced in handling the projects, such development of the websites, Apps and promotion of the same. Having rich experience in the same domain, the company has bid for the project and it has been allocated to them, by the sponsor. Assumptions It is assumed that the social networking website and Apps are to be developed for the audience and users, from the three countries, US, UK and Australia. So, the development of the site and the regular posting of the themes and concepts are considered to be related to the cultures and people in these three specific countries. It is assumed that the social network covering the concepts for the targeted users and audience to be combined as one website and three Apps are considered to be developed, separately for the engineering, science and high school students. Constraints The major constraint is the promotion, though the development of the website is completely technical task and it can be completed with the limited stakeholders, the website developer team. Promotion is a consistent process and it is difficult to assess how long it is going to take to win and obtain a pre-defined number of likes for the social networking website and the Apps. Another constraint is the multiple regions, which have considerably varied cultures and thought processes of the people, users and finding a common ground for the posts to be posted in the networking website is a challenging task. Another constraint is the consistency of posting the posts, as the positing has to be done on a regular basis, in sync with the latest technologies, trends and highlights. Outcomes The final outcomes of the social strategy forum are the following. Social networking website App1 for engineering students App2 for science students App3 for high school students Promotion of the website with 100,000 likes Promotion of the App1, App2, App3 with each of 100,000 likes Milestones Milestones of the project achieved during the execution of the project are the following. Final launch of the social networking website Final launch of the App1 Final Launch of the App2 Final launch of the App3 Promotion of the website with the likes Promotion of the App1 with the likes Promotion of the App2 with the likes Promotion of the App3 with the likes Project Baseline Schedule The entire project is completed in nine months duration, in which three months duration is allocated for development of the websites and Apps, by individual development teams. And the promotion of the website and apps has taken six months of duration. RACI Chart The following is the RACI (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted and Informed) for the project. Only the major tasks are taken as examples here. Starting the Project Website Development App1 Development App2 Development App3 Development Closing the project Project Manager RA RA RA RA RA RA Sponsor C, I I I I I I Development team for website I A I App1 Development team I I A I App2 Development team I A I App3 Development team I A I Promotion team I I Table: RACI Chart Communication Plan Communication is the blood for the relation and to maintain healthier environment among the team members of the project, communication has be detailed and instant. The project management has created a WatsApp group, where the updates and all the information that needs to be known commonly by all the team members are to be shared in this group. Individual messages are to be sent to the individual WatsApp numbers. Apart from the WatsApp instant information sharing, the formal information and documents and necessary files are sent through the emails. Project Reporting Project reporting is done hierarchically. All the teams of developers report to their respective team leaders on daily, weekly and monthly basis. All the team leaders report the project manager and the manager report to the project management organization, ATC technologies. Finally, ADTC technologies report to the sponsor of the project, Australian Technological Management School. Risk Analysis Risks are common with any task and so with any project. Before the project was commenced, risk analysis was conducted and the following probability of risks is listed. RISK PROBABILITY Incomplete project Low Code duplication Medium Failed to achieve the final objective Low Risk of change of developers High Quality Standards Quality standards are set, in such a way that each and every task has to be conducted within the quality standards defined by the policies of the sponsor. All the quality standards are followed to ensure that the outcomes are not compromised with quality parameters. Theories Supporting Analysis / Model / Framework Every aspect and project can be related to the respective application domain. It refers to a procedure or mechanism compatible with a specific operating system, which can also be used within the infrastructure of common language, to cut off the applications of the intended software, from each other (Linton, 2012). Hence, these applications would not influence each other. According to Linton (2012), every application domain has its own virtual address space, providing the relevant resources for specific application domain to be within a specific operating procedure. And a specific process may have various application domains with various isolation characteristics, which can be identical to procedure of the operating system. Hence, the team would be responsible or application domain setting to make it certain that multiple threads can exist in a specific application domain (Malhotra, 2012). According to Linton (2012), isolation is developed by the application domain for the purposes of versioning, security, managed code unloading and dependability. Usually, operating system build is the thread and can be utilized from the runtime of the common language, for implementing the code. The team of the project is responsible to load the managed code into an application domain that is carried out by controlled threads of one or more than one. There is another responsibility of the team that the correlation in between the threads and application domain should be established. The application domain is created, including the domain generation, execution of the assembly, then uploading after the creation of the unwrap and instance. Usually, management is responsible for the application domain development. it should include the domain creation that utilizes the method overload essentially, that is typically, a set up item of application domain (Linton, 2012). But, it is considered to be good to create the properties to set up a new application domain. The instance method is used to execute the code in some other application domain, which is used as a reference by the team (Linton, 2012). The team then has developed an instance to unwrap the process of instance creation of specific type in the application domain and to return a proxy. The team used this method for avoiding the assembly loading process. then the team has emphasised the tasks of unloading, for successful closing of the domain. The application domain consists of marketing tools that are very powerful and techniques, comprising of direct links to the contact forms, web pages, subscriptions, newsletters and application forms (Springer Carson, 2012). The application may have the tweets, blog syndication that are capable to contain images or text, similar ot the basic internet pages. In such cases, the social media website, like Twitter or Facebook may act as a new webpage window that the company may want to launch. The social media developed would be a mixture of the fan club, for the users, who are existing and prospective (Ryan Jones, 2012). Hence, the company has embraced the social media marketing for effective generation of good sense of community and capability to access the targeted App addressee, having pages dedicated to the students from the engineering, scince or high school background. Target Audience According to Albarraan (2013), the end user in the information technology is described as the user, for whom the product of hardware or software is designed by the installers and developers. So, the end user term refers to the persons, for whom some specific product is devised and distinguished from the other individuals, who have involved in the development process of the product. in the context of the social strategy forum, the target addressee of the social media network is targeted fro the engineering, science and high school students. Sponsor Organization Structure The sponsoring organization has been structured for the purpose of system uploading, for App launching and attacting more visitors the page, through marketing in social media (Evans, 2012).the strategic managers are considered in stifling the architecture of the organization (Albarran, 2013). The management of the organization, has also concentrated on the business process enhancement of the organization to help in business advancement (Ferrel Harline, 2011). The social media marketing development, to establish the App and successful implementation of the process is considered to be imperative. And the company has devised certain organizational framework, supporting, establishing and developing the team of the social media. According to the previous studies and empirical evidences, the management of the organization has assigned the employees of the company of about 65% employees in the activities of the social media, compared to the other activities (Johnso, Stano Kompare, 2014). The company has established the social media tem, both internally and externally, and also additionally, has hired outsourced business process to the third parties, for social media marketing. The team is responsible for content marketing guidelines, social marketing guidelines, evaluating the processes, related to the social customer service, digital transportation printer, community marketing printer, word of mouth primer, digital marketing transformation, email marketing, establishing new contact centres, consumer experience primer, etc. The team is enabled with the social marketing campaign, following 360 degrees of process that is customer centric to ensure the centricity of the customer (Linton, 2012). So, the company started using the social media to generate the leads and help devising the management approaches of the program of social media marketing to launch the App. Technical System Process The processes are implemented systematically for smoother coordination of production departments of the organization. Apps must be developed properly for successful adoption of the technical processes, by facilitating certain marketing policies of the social media. The technical procedures conducted are ensured that these processes are relevant and compatible with the current trends of the business enterprise. The App development followed a systematic procedure to transform them towards potential business plans. They are experimented and tested against the real time market conditions to predict the performances. The organization goals are evaluated, when the operational processes are implanted business enterprise processes. The objectives of the business are developed, through the technical system implementation. the nature of the customers are evaluated first and then the technical constituents are implemented for the App development. Before the processes are implemented, the nature of competition is taken into account. Technical Specifications Symphony Symphony is used for development of the social media strategy, as it has many advantages. Firstly it an open source software, regular updates are available. It provides enough updated security and robust functionality. It works faster even on less expensive hosting and can bear the weight of larger systems, such as social media, where thousands of users create heavy flow. AngularJS It is large community with popular framework that is well supported by Google. This framework helps to separate various elements of the framework, at the highest level, separating services, data storage, presentation layers and API. Drupal Drupal is used for development of this social networking website. This content management platform, provides thousands of modules for varied kinds of digital presence, customizable with personalization, social tools and community building, etc. HTML This mark up language is used to develop the static web pages. JSP The team has used the JSP to develop the dynamic web content J2EE This programming platform is used to develop as well as run the distributed Java applications. Web Sphere Studio Application Developer WSAD designer toolkit is used in this project to develop the dynamic web service that is more complex. DB2 DB2 is an IBM Database 2, which is an efficient and flexible platform for the database for especially business applications that are on demand. XML The Extended Markup Language is used for storing and transporting the data. Ajax Asynchronous Java Script and XML is used in this project for created dynamic web pages and it is a part of the JavaScript. Google Analytical Tools Google Analytical Tools are the best as it gives vast details of the social media website, along with the traffic and all other parameters. Collaborative Decision Making Software This software is used to perform the decision making, by the data extracted from the social media. It can be best used with the business intelligence software collaborated. Web 2.0 This platform is used towards facilitation of the interactive information sharing, user-centred design, interoperability and World Wide Web Collaboration. webERP the webERP is an ERP system available through open source and is the best suitable for the social networking website development, since it is developed with MySQL, PHP, JavaScript. It can be operable in the operating systems, Windows, UNIX, Linux. Methodologies Prior to the commencement of the project, an in-depth procedure was taken to gather the data necessary to relate the marketing policies of the social media marketing. Role of Apps in touching the new business areas facilitation is also conducted. According to Pamsel and Wiewiora (2013), advanced technologies can be adapted for preventing the natural resources wastage. And the methodology helps the organization to grow and develop. Internet is the best tool to gather such data. The methodologies gave good clues of technology requirements for the organization, to match up the requirements of the project. The methodology followed helped and catered the operational business processes of the organization in detailed process orientation, by identifying the relevant attributes, for success of operational processes. Initially, social networks are evaluated in detail, to find the marketing activities nature, prevalent in the world of business. And several Apps were evaluated to determine their features and roles of the operational and marketing activities. The methodology is conducted in the stages, as the following. Initial Stage The resources of the organization are identified, by exploring every possible opportunity for recognizing the wants and needs of the organization. According to Pemsel and Wiewiora (2013), the technology requirements are to be assembled according to the goals of the IT project management. Operational processes related to the organization are framed in this stage. Development Stage Resource allocation is determined in this stage, for the organization. It is related to the operational processes. Then the teams are offered with specific tasks, based on expertise and quality standards according to Pollack and Adler (2015). Necessary business processes are considered to lead the organization to make it successful. It stands to be an important strategy to cater the technology requirements establishment according to the objectives and goals of the organization. Execution Stage This stage related to the service delivery procedures execution, assisting the growth of the organization. It stands to be the final stage, for the marketing polciies to be associated with the social media implemented, according to Ramasesh and Browning (2014). The execution stage helps to determine the business operational processes, according ot the objectives and goals in long-term. The social media applications, in a specific region, are impacted by the execution stage, according to Kerzner (2013). While the above three are the major stages of the project, there are other stages that are involved in the social media marketing and they include the objectives identification, stakeholder analysis, governance establishment, technology selection, plan completion and program establishment (Klein, 2012). The team has split into the groups to become part of the networks of the social media, like Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, etc. each of the group has run campaigns and share their results for decisions making. Subsequently, each of the team promotes various Apps to upload the content (Kotler Keller, 2011). Many other marketing strategies are laid down to promote the social network and Apps. The research work conducted for the project is Demand Metric Methodologies (Klein, 2012). The methodology includes the visions and values evaluation of the company. Additionally, it includes the situation analysis, objectives viability examination and marketing strategy assessment of the social media. Finally, the process is continued with the budget evaluation and measurement procedures (Lee Carter, 2012). The project has followed the mixed method approach methodology, starting with the related data management with research done internationally (Malhotra, 2012). Then the research sampling frame involves online research survey process adoption, by the practitioners of the communication in the targeted countries, like USA, UK and Australia. the questionnaires are framed to possessing the questions, related to the App launch and the social media marketing stratagem of social media impact, on the proposition and preference of the consumer (Malhotra, 2012). And, the research sampling frame involves online research survey process adoption, in the targeted markets. The questionnaire is distributed through email to fill and reply the form. Specific population is selected for the research, for the targeted audience. In addition to the questionnaire, an online survey form is also sent to the audience for the sample population (McDaniel Gates, 2012). The respondents are selected from various corporate sectors, government bodies, consultancies for diverse public and various non-government bodies under the age group of 25 to 35 years. The research study is conducted with both the qualitative and quantitative data, collected from the research. Respondents are also collected through non-probability based sampling method to select the samples of population. The research methodology consists of the evaluation after the analysis of data collected. The analysis conducted is descriptive statistical analysis for the data acquired (McDaniel Gates, 2012). The findings of the research are presented using bars, charts, analysed from many mathematical tools, such as percentages, ratios, etc. Theories Scientific theories, supporting the analysis and development of the domain framework are considered here. According to Ramasesh and Browning (2014), social networking is built on the basis of the facts and scientific theories that support the social media tool affectivity. The research statistics show that about 55% of the consumers get connected to that brand, globally, through social media affectivity. Micro Theory Psychological ownership theory or theory of perceived control says that the customers are to access meaningful assessment individually, from unfamiliar persons also. The loyal customers share the positive reactions with the others, whereas the negative responses, with the management of the product. However, when no loyal customers are present, the purposes of providing the prospective and potential companys customer stand pessimistic (Weinstien, 2014). Social Exchange Theory As the social medium is reliant on various users with various backgrounds, to contribute the content, the individuals motives comprehensive understanding, for participation is considered to be a fundamental basis (Nightingale, 2011). Subjective assessment is needed for various kinds of social behaviour. Social Penetration Theory The social penetration theory, compared to the social exchanged theory, illustrates the way various people exchange, shape up the associations and relationships (Ryan Jones, 2012). Macro Theories Social Network Analysis As stated by Linton (2012), this theory points the people as associated actors, utilizing several mathematical models towards reading its formation, progression and development. so, investigation by the social network treats the people are performed as nodes of society. McLuhant Media Theory The theory (Valdivia et al., 2014), is put forward towards viewing the media to an extent than the definite media content, possibly can later the community and the people. Pseudo-Theories Jeremia Owyang and Carlene Li, together are providers of social graphics structure from the Altimeter Group (Valdivia et al., 2014). Instead of demographical features investigation, they put forward this view and build up the social graphics as a social strategy (Valdivia et al., 2014). Artifacts The design theory implied here is meta-artifacts requirement and also the meta-systems. This concept together is called meta-artefacts. Its characteristics relate to the external and internal environments. The frameworks selected are based on the Zachman developed model. According to Ahlemann et al., (2013), meta-artifacts has total 4 layers having analytically, synthetically, technological requirements and instantiation. Metartifact procedures usually include the various researchers opinions at every layer. The organization re-innovate the procedure of production for enhancing the productivity, using Meta-Artifacts. According to Crawford (2014), meta-artifacts are categorized into two kinds. So, it depends on the manufacturing process implemented by the organization. The meta-artifacts vary in terms of process of manufacturing in terms of scale, from the process of production that focuses on the delicate production and exquisite items. The meta-arifacts are considered to be a noel method, to enhance the productivity that require less effort and time. They are considered as the link in between the activities of marketing operations. The final factor of decision affects the functional and operational activities that have pertinent impact over the activities of the business. Testing and Evaluation Strategies The strategies and methodologies applied for the project, social strategy forum have been tested and evaluated, through many strategies. There are many tests and evaluations conducted and the best one that has been found to be potential, is the customer survey questionnaire. The social networking website and the associated Apps for the engineering, science and high school specialization are tested against this evaluation strategy. the project has many tasks and the development of the social networking website and Apps for the specializations is one of their tasks. later the networking site and the Apps are going to be promoted. Promotion is a continuous process and does not stop, until the end of the life of the website and Apps. So, it is important to set a limit, and make the objective goals, such as setting the goal of 100,000 likes for each of the App and website. After these many likes are achieved, then the survey questionnaire testing and evaluation will be conducted. In this context, the survey questionnaire is given to the participants and users of the website and Apps. The survey questionnaire is prepared against the quality parameters set for the quality standards of the website and App. The link of the questionnaire is kept at the catchy location in the home page of the website and App. The users are notified about the survey questionnaire details, such as the number of questions, how much time it is going to take. The link is continued to display for a period of two months and the forms filled by the users would be collected from the database from the servers. The data consists of the opinions of the users. The responses are collected and then analysed. Then, based on the feedback analysed from the survey, the important parameters are to be evaluated. The parameters are then to be prioritized, based on which parameters, are considered to be more important, as expressed by the customers in the survey. The purpose of the survey is to improve the quality of the networking services by the organization. So, the organization in turn analyses and extracts the parameters, based on the priority and these parameters are considered to improve, during further refinement and development of the website and Apps. Conclusion Social strategy forum is a project, targeted to the audience of the engineering, science and high school students, in UK, US and Australia. The project execution plan has been prepared and presented in details with the elements, like vision, objectives, details of the project, audience, budget, strategies, responsibilities of the organization, assumptions, constraints, outcomes, milestones, RACI chart, describing the details roles of the key stakeholders of the project. A short communication plan, risk analysis, quality standards and reporting details are covered. The project is then supported with eth supporting theories, frameworks. The methodologies, implemented in the project are detailed, in various stages and the theories that are considered to be the basis of the project are detailed. The respective artifacts, testing and evaluation strategies are addressed for the social strategy forum. References Ahlemann, F., El Arbi, F., Kaiser, M. G., Heck, A. (2013). A process framework for theoretically grounded prescriptive research in the project management field. International Journal of Project Management, 31(1), 43-56. Albarran, A. (2013).Management of electronic and digital media. Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. AMEC - International association for the measurement and evaluation of communication. Bowers, J., Khorakian, A. (2014). Integrating risk management in the innovation project. European Journal of Innovation Management, 17(1), 25-40. Canils, M. C., Bakens, R. J. (2012). The effects of Project Management Information Systems on decision making in a multi project environment. International Journal of Project Management, 30(2), 162-175. Crawford, J. K. (2014). Project management maturity model. CRC Press. Diamantopoulos, A., Fritz, W., Hildebrandt, L., Bauer, A. (2012).Quantitative marketing and marketing management. Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler. Evans, D. (2012).Social media marketing. Indianapolis, Ind.: Wiley. Ferrell, O. Hartline, M. (2011).Marketing management strategies. Australia: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Hill, G. M. (2013). The complete project management office handbook. CRC Press. Johnson, D., Kompare, D., Santo, A.(2014) Making media work. Jolibert, A. (2012).Marketing management. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Kerzner, H. R. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Klein, S. (2012).Action research methods. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Kleinschmidt, U., Rilov, S., Gerlach, U. (2012).U.S. Patent Application No. 13/570,037. Kotler, P. Keller, K. (2011).A framework for marketing management. Harlow: Pearson Education. Kotler, P. Keller, K. (2012).Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Lee, K. Carter, S. (2012).Global marketing management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Leung, D. H., Lee, A., Law, R. (2012). Examining hotel managers acceptance of Web 2.0 in website development: a case study of Hotels in Hong Kong.Social Media in Travel, Tourism and Hospitality: Theory, Practice and Cases (ed. M. Sigala, E. Christou and U. Gretzel), 53-68. Linton, I. (2012).Taking technology to the market. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Lock, M. D. (2014). The essentials of project management. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Malhotra, N. (2012).Basic marketing research. Boston: Pearson. Martin Stevens (2002).Project Management Pathways. Association for Project Management. APM Publishing Limited McDaniel, C. Gates, R. (2012).Marketing research essentials. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Nightingale, V. (2011).The handbook of media audiences. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell. Park, E., Kim, K. J. (2014). An integrated adoption model of mobile cloud services: exploration of key determinants and extension of technology acceptance model.Telematics and Informatics,31(3), 376-385. Paul C. Dinsmore et al (2005)The right projects done right!John Wiley and Sons Pemsel, S., Wiewiora, A. (2013). Project management office a knowledge broker in project-based organisations. International Journal of Project Management, 31(1), 31-42. Peter Nathan, Gerald Everett Jones (2003).PMP certification for dummies PMI(2010).A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge Pollack, J., Adler, D. (2015). Emergent trends and passing fads in project management research: A scientometric analysis of changes in the field. International Journal of Project Management, 33(1), 236-248. Ramasesh, R. V., Browning, T. R. (2014). A conceptual framework for tackling knowable unknown unknowns in project management. Journal of Operations Management, 32(4), 190-204. Ryan, D. Jones, C. (2012).Understanding digital marketing. Philadelphia, PA: Kogan Page. Ryan, D.(2014)The best digital marketing campaigns in the world II. Sharf, R. S. (2014).Applying career development theory to counseling. Brooks/Cole. Sterling, L., NYHOFà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ YOUNG, J., Blanchette, V. S., Breakey, V. R. (2012). Exploring internet needs and use among adolescents with haemophilia: a website development project.Haemophilia,18(2), 216-221. Valdivia, A., Nerone, J., Mayer, V., Mazzarella, S., Parameswaran, R., Scharrer, E. et al.(2014) The international encyclopedia of media studies. Weinstein, A. (2014).Marketing. London: Routledge. Young-Hoon Kwak (2005). "A brief History of Project Management". In:The story of managing projects. Elias G. Carayannis et al. (9 eds), Greenwood Publishing Group.

Portfolio Proposal Contemporary Governance †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Portfolio Proposal Contemporary Governance. Answer: Purpose and Audience of Portfolio The intention and function of this current learning portfolio is mainly twofold. This portfolio is mainly for undertaking deep learning process as regards impact of CSR and influences of the retail sector in Australia. The current study also has the intention to analyse most significant environmental issues in particularly the retail segment. This includes consumption of energy as well as water, volume of packaging, use of land together with factors of transportation. Also, this entails other environmental issues such as occupation of space, escalated traffic, green retailing, fashionable supply chain and many others. Furthermore, the study also has the aim to analyse normal dimensions based on attitude for specifically positioning of CSR namely human responsibility, product liability and environmental liability (Khojastehpour and Johns 2014). The indirect influences include usage of chemicals by specifically suppliers (for instance, farmers) and delivery of genetically transformed f ood. In addition to this, wage is a dominant problem regarding quality of job that in turn leads to high rate of turnover and larger fraction of transitional workers. Also, stability in job and job security also directs towards another problem (Wang et al. 2018). Audience of the current portfolio include customers as well as suppliers of the retail firms who are interested in the financial strength of the corporation along with initiatives it might have undertaken for improvement of quality of product as well as service of customers. Again, business press can also be regarded as an important audience as coverage of media can affect the way financiers together with other stakeholders perceive a corporation (Khojastehpour and Johns 2014). Structure of Portfolio Structure of portfolio assignment: In essence portfolio has diverse purposes and the type of portfolio that will be selected will depend on targeted objectives of learning (Andrews 2016). The first section of the study include research essay that is a culmination as well as final product of a specific procedure of research, area of critical thinking, evaluation of source and composition. The second segment of the study includes case studies that indicate towards a specific instance of something that is utilized in a bid to explain a thesis else wise a principle. The third section of the portfolio presents a reflective journal that maintains a personal record of the learning experience of the student. Essentially, it is a particular area where a learner can register and thereafter reflect upon various observations along with responses to diverse situations (Andrews 2016). Materials for the study include the following media: Media Research Essay Journals, books, websites, government reports, and many others Case Studies Books, academic journal Reflective Journal - Table 1. Actions /Timeline 1 to 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 to 5 weeks 6 weeks 7 weeks 8 to 9 weeks 10 weeks to 12 weeks 13 weeks to 16 weeks Segregation of three different phases of portfolio (research essay, cases studies and a reflective journal) Identification of materials for the study Presentation of the research proposal for the study Purpose and Content of the assignment is Research Questions: What is a CSR and primary principle of CSR that affects organizational activity? How does enhanced performance of CSR affect bottom line of a retail business? What are the specific CSR issues encountered in retail segment of Australia? How do the detected CSR issues affect the retail section of the businesses in Australia? Analysis of corporate social responsibility (CSR) replicate that there are certain important features of the retail segment influencing overall competition in the specific market (that is to say, retail) are maturity, overcapacity, higher concentration and price driven strategies of marketing (Patten and Zhao 2014). Again, retailers also thrive towards building loyalty of customers repeat behaviour of purchasers (Malik 2015). Essentially, these are important factors of success as retaining customers can be considered to be comparatively cheaper and more effectual strategy than attracting more number of customers. Thus, the study intends to analytically examine CSR issues and alongside the CSR issues the environmental issues andmanagement of target stakeholders (Malik 2015). The concepts and notions that can be applied in this regard include comprehensive understanding of CSR principles, phases and stages within procedures of CSR, three tiered conceptual structure for evaluating socie ty along with social dealings of the ordomomic viewpoint, CSR model explaining four level accountabilities by Carroll and many others (Saeidi et al. 2015). Expected Outcome: The current study is expected to help in gaining deeper understanding societal mores along with ethical norms, philanthropic anticipations of community, corporate integrity, and ethical behaviour of business from the retail segment (Malik 2015). References Andrews, Nathan. "Challenges of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in domestic settings: An exploration of mining regulation vis--vis CSR in Ghana."Resources Policy47 (2016): 9-17. The paper above scrutinizes the regional institutional dynamics that exert impact on CSR schemes, policies and exercises particularly in Ghana. Essentially, it intends to stress on the argument that effectual domestic regulation and governance can necessarily play an important role in making certain sustainable corporate exercises as well as initiatives. Khojastehpour, Morteza, and Raechel Johns. "The effect of environmental CSR issues on corporate/brand reputation and corporate profitability."European Business Review26, no. 4 (2014): 330-339. The primary aim of this paper is to examine the impact of environmental corporate social responsibility (CSR) (that is essentially climate responsibility and natural resource utilization) on corporate reputation as well as corporate. Malik, Mahfuja. "Value-enhancing capabilities of CSR: A brief review of contemporary literature." Journal of Business Ethics 127, no. 2 (2015): 419-438. The current study assesses and synthesizes various contemporary business literature that concentrates on primary role of corporate social responsibility to augment value of the firm. However, the chief objective of this assessment is to present a deep understanding of things that has already been examined and the findings of those examinations as regards the value-enhancing potentials of CSR for different public corporations. Patten, Dennis M., and Na Zhao. "Standalone CSR reporting by US retail companies." InAccounting Forum, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 132-144. Elsevier, 2014. The current study investigates first-time utilization of standalone CSR pronouncements in the retail industry of U.S.. This study essentially registers that corporations concentrate on discussing different initiatives on CSR and programs as against delivering performance data, recommends that the reports talks more about image augmentation than transparent liability. Also, the study also examines impacts of the option to disclose, and the findings reflect that standalone CSR pronouncements by the retail corporations appears to have positive influence on the perceptions of reputation of the company, and might be leading to augmented appeal to socially accountable financiers. Saeidi, Sayedeh Parastoo, Saudah Sofian, Parvaneh Saeidi, Sayyedeh Parisa Saeidi, and Seyyed Alireza Saaeidi. "How does corporate social responsibility contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction."Journal of Business Research68, no. 2 (2015): 341-350. The current study takes into consideration sustainable competitive advantage, reputation, as well as customer satisfaction as three possible mediators in the association between CSR and performance of firms. Wang, Zhihong, Tien?Shih Hsieh, and Joseph Sarkis. "CSR Performance and the Readability of CSR Reports: Too Good to be True?." Corporate Social Responsibility andEnvironmental Management 25, no. 1 (2018): 66-79. This study designs and examines a conceptual framework, that predicts that (1) satisfaction of customer to certain extent mediates the association between CSR and market value of firm (2) corporate capabilities that necessarily moderate the financial returns to particularly CSR, and (3) moderated associations are essentially mediated by satisfaction of customers. Founded on a large-scale set of secondary data, the outcomes reflect support for this specific structure.